{"id":16634,"date":"2026-08-11T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/?p=16634"},"modified":"2026-07-30T17:02:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T16:02:42","slug":"innovation-secrete-la-lecon-apple-sur-le-plan-b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/innovation-secrete-la-lecon-apple-sur-le-plan-b\/","title":{"rendered":"Innovation secr\u00e8te : la le\u00e7on Apple sur le plan B"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cupertino, d\u00e9cembre 2001. Un manager nomm\u00e9 Joe pousse la porte d&rsquo;un bureau discret et pose la question qui sent le couperet : \u00ab Montre-moi ce sur quoi tu passes tes journ\u00e9es, parce que l\u00e0, je n&rsquo;arrive plus \u00e0 justifier ton salaire. \u00bb En face, un ing\u00e9nieur, John Kullmann, ne r\u00e9pond rien. Il allume un PC Intel ordinaire, un de ces bo\u00eetiers gris que l&rsquo;on trouvait alors dans n&rsquo;importe quel service comptable. \u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cran appara\u00eet \u00ab Welcome to Macintosh \u00bb. Joe reste sans voix (Engadget).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce bo\u00eetier gris venait de sauver l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 portable d&rsquo;Apple, quatre ans avant que quiconque \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur n&rsquo;en entende parler. Et il a commenc\u00e9 comme le passe-temps tol\u00e9r\u00e9 d&rsquo;un seul homme, \u00e0 qui personne n&rsquo;avait rien demand\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-une-double-vie-de-cinq-ans\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une double vie de cinq ans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En juin 2005, sur la sc\u00e8ne de la WWDC, Steve Jobs annonce ce que personne n&rsquo;attendait : Apple quitte les puces PowerPC d&rsquo;IBM et Motorola pour passer chez Intel. Puis il l\u00e2che la phrase qui restera : Mac OS X menait \u00ab une double vie secr\u00e8te \u00bb depuis cinq ans. Chaque version publique du syst\u00e8me, compil\u00e9e pour PowerPC, avait aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 compil\u00e9e en silence pour Intel. Pour le prouver, la d\u00e9monstration du jour tournait d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un Pentium 4 \u00e0 3,6 GHz (Macworld).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cinq ans de d\u00e9veloppement parall\u00e8le, tenus au secret, pr\u00eats \u00e0 d\u00e9gainer le jour o\u00f9 la strat\u00e9gie officielle s&rsquo;effondrerait. Voil\u00e0 ce que j&rsquo;appelle un vrai plan B. Pas une slide dans un comit\u00e9, pas une intention not\u00e9e dans un compte rendu. Du code qui d\u00e9marre, test\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque livraison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posez-vous la question, honn\u00eatement : votre organisation a-t-elle aujourd&rsquo;hui un plan B qui d\u00e9marre, ou seulement un plan B sur PowerPoint ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-l-invariant-n-etait-pas-la-puce-c-etait-un-homme\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&rsquo;invariant n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas la puce, c&rsquo;\u00e9tait un homme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le projet secret, plus tard baptis\u00e9 Marklar (d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s la race extraterrestre parodique de South Park, un nom apparu seulement en octobre 2002), n&rsquo;est pas n\u00e9 d&rsquo;une d\u00e9cision de direction (MacRumors). Il est n\u00e9 de la curiosit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un ing\u00e9nieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vers 2000, John Kullmann b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d&rsquo;une autorisation rare de travailler depuis chez lui, en partie pour s&rsquo;occuper de son jeune enfant. Chez lui, il se met en t\u00eate de voir si Mac OS X peut tourner sur du mat\u00e9riel Intel standard. Pendant environ dix-huit mois, c&rsquo;est un projet d&rsquo;un seul homme, tol\u00e9r\u00e9 plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;encourag\u00e9, connu de six personnes tout au plus dans l&rsquo;entreprise (The Register). Puis vient ce fameux jour de d\u00e9cembre 2001 o\u00f9 son manager lui demande de justifier son temps, et o\u00f9 le PC gris affiche l&rsquo;\u00e9cran de d\u00e9marrage du Mac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je le r\u00e9p\u00e8te depuis des ann\u00e9es : l&rsquo;invariant de l&rsquo;innovation n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 la technologie, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;humain, avec ses peurs, ses biais et sa curiosit\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/livre\/?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">(Livre)<\/a>, Chapitre 11, le pilier organisations et structures. NeXTSTEP, le syst\u00e8me rachet\u00e9 par Apple en 1996 pour b\u00e2tir Mac OS X, \u00e9tait con\u00e7u pour \u00eatre ind\u00e9pendant du processeur et tournait d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur Motorola, Intel, SPARC et PA-RISC. La capacit\u00e9 technique existait. Mais une capacit\u00e9 technique ne fait rien tant qu&rsquo;un \u00eatre humain ne d\u00e9cide pas de s&rsquo;en emparer un soir, chez lui, par pure envie de savoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16547\" class=\"elementor elementor-16547\" data-elementor-post-type=\"rs_elements\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e23d49d e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e23d49d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e4915 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c2e4915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;rollIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/#le-livre\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"196\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr-196x300.webp?wsr\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-11055\" alt=\"Philippe Boulanger - Innover ou agoniser, c&apos;est vous qui voyez !\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr-196x300.webp 196w, https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr-668x1024.webp 668w, https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr-768x1177.webp 768w, https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr-1003x1536.webp 1003w, https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr-1337x2048.webp 1337w, https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/phillipe-boulanger-book-fr.webp 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee54e18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee54e18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8918db1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8918db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45f21a7 balance accent-checks elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor elementor-motion-effects-parent\" style=\"--flex-wrap: initial; --justify-content: initial; --align-items: initial; --align-content: initial; --gap: initial; --flex-basis: initial; --flex-grow: initial; --flex-shrink: initial; --order: initial; --align-self: initial; align-self: auto; flex: 0 1 auto; order: 0; place-content: normal; align-items: normal; flex-flow: row; gap: 21px; --widgets-spacing: 1em 1em; --widgets-spacing-row: 1em; --widgets-spacing-column: 1em; --swiper-theme-color: #000; --swiper-navigation-size: 44px; --swiper-pagination-bullet-size: 6px; --swiper-pagination-bullet-horizontal-gap: 6px; --kit-widget-spacing: 0px; text-align: center; font-size: clamp(18px, 1.5vw, 21px); max-width: 100%;\" data-id=\"45f21a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_opacity_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_opacity_range&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:5,&quot;end&quot;:25}},&quot;motion_fx_opacity_direction&quot;:&quot;out-in&quot;,&quot;motion_fx_opacity_level&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container elementor-motion-effects-element\" style=\"transition: background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s, transform 0.4s; transform-origin: 50% 50%; height: 314.931px; margin: 0em; opacity: 1; will-change: opacity;\"><p>Ce livre s\u2019adresse aux PDG, aux dirigeants et aux innovateurs pr\u00eats \u00e0 tout remettre en question et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une croissance exponentielle.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7ab5d elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ca7ab5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/#le-livre\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Le Livre<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-l-ambidextrie-tenir-le-present-et-preparer-le-futur\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&rsquo;ambidextrie : tenir le pr\u00e9sent et pr\u00e9parer le futur<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici le point qui g\u00eane la plupart des dirigeants. Pendant ces cinq ann\u00e9es, Apple vendait publiquement du PowerPC, en faisait la promotion, engageait ses clients et ses d\u00e9veloppeurs sur cette architecture. Et dans le m\u00eame temps, une petite \u00e9quipe entretenait la sortie de secours vers Intel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J&rsquo;appelle cette capacit\u00e9 l&rsquo;ambidextrie : concilier le court terme rentable et la vision long terme dans la m\u00eame maison, sans que l&rsquo;un \u00e9touffe l&rsquo;autre. La plupart des organisations en sont incapables. Elles d\u00e9fendent leur succ\u00e8s pr\u00e9sent avec une telle \u00e9nergie qu&rsquo;elles interdisent, parfois sans le dire, tout travail sur le sc\u00e9nario qui le remplacera. Apple a fait l&rsquo;inverse. Elle a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 traire la vache PowerPC tout en nourrissant, \u00e0 l&rsquo;abri des regards, le veau Intel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En janvier 2002, deux ing\u00e9nieurs suppl\u00e9mentaires rejoignent Kullmann, et l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe est d\u00e9plac\u00e9e hors du campus pour limiter les fuites (The Register). Le projet reste minuscule, discret, sous-financ\u00e9 au regard des enjeux. Mais il vit, il se met \u00e0 jour, il d\u00e9marre \u00e0 chaque build. C&rsquo;est la d\u00e9finition d&rsquo;une organisation ambidextre : elle ne demande pas la permission d&rsquo;assurer ses arri\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-le-g5-qui-chauffait-trop-pour-un-portable\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le G5 qui chauffait trop pour un portable<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi ce plan B est-il devenu vital ? \u00c0 cause de la chaleur, tout simplement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le processeur phare d&rsquo;Apple, le PowerPC G5 fabriqu\u00e9 par IBM, tenait ses promesses de puissance au prix d&rsquo;une dissipation thermique difficile \u00e0 contenir. Les mod\u00e8les de bureau les plus rapides, \u00e0 2,5 et 2,7 GHz, ont d\u00fb passer au refroidissement liquide pour fonctionner dans une tour (512 Pixels). Steve Jobs avait promis publiquement un G5 \u00e0 3 GHz en un an. IBM n&rsquo;y est jamais parvenu (512 Pixels).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or un processeur qui exige un radiateur en aluminium massif, puis un circuit de liquide, ne rentre pas dans un ordinateur portable. Apple s&rsquo;est donc retrouv\u00e9e avec une gamme de portables condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 stagner, alors que le portable devenait le c\u0153ur du march\u00e9. Sans alternative cr\u00e9dible, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 laptop d&rsquo;Apple calait. Le plan B secret est devenu le plan A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Souvenez-vous de ma conviction : une entreprise qui n&rsquo;innove pas est d\u00e9j\u00e0 morte, elle ne le sait juste pas encore. Apple aurait pu mourir \u00e0 petit feu sur ce mur thermique. Elle avait pr\u00e9par\u00e9 la porte de sortie avant m\u00eame de savoir qu&rsquo;elle en aurait besoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-tuer-l-hypothese-avant-qu-elle-ne-vous-tue\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tuer l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se avant qu&rsquo;elle ne vous tue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce qui me frappe le plus dans cette histoire, c&rsquo;est la discipline exp\u00e9rimentale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se confortable, en 2000, disait : \u00ab PowerPC est notre avenir, IBM et Motorola tiendront la cadence. \u00bb Une hypoth\u00e8se s\u00e9duisante, port\u00e9e par le succ\u00e8s pass\u00e9, exactement le genre de croyance qui aveugle une \u00e9quipe de direction. Les hypoth\u00e8ses sont tr\u00e8s dangereuses et doivent \u00eatre tu\u00e9es par l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rimentation le plus t\u00f4t possible. Apple, volontairement ou par chance, a laiss\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rimentation vivante mesurer en continu la validit\u00e9 de son pari officiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chaque build compil\u00e9 pour Intel \u00e9tait un test grandeur nature qui r\u00e9pondait \u00e0 une seule question v\u00e9rifiable : \u00ab Si PowerPC nous l\u00e2che demain, sommes-nous pr\u00eats ? \u00bb. Tant que la r\u00e9ponse restait \u00ab oui \u00bb, Apple pouvait d\u00e9fendre PowerPC sans na\u00efvet\u00e9. Le jour o\u00f9 la r\u00e9ponse est devenue \u00ab il le faut \u00bb, le basculement a pris quelques mois au lieu de plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comparez avec la communication d&rsquo;un dirigeant qui affirme : \u00ab Notre succ\u00e8s pass\u00e9 parle pour nous, nous ne pouvons pas nous tromper. \u00bb Puis avec celle-ci : \u00ab Nous avons exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 une alternative en continu, voici les r\u00e9sultats, nous pouvons basculer avec confiance. \u00bb Laquelle vous embarque <a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/livre\/?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">(Livre)<\/a>, Chapitre 8, le pilier vision, mission et strat\u00e9gie ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-ce-que-votre-organisation-doit-en-retenir\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce que votre organisation doit en retenir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quand Apple annonce la transition en 2005, le plus dur est d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait. Le syst\u00e8me fonctionne sur Intel depuis des ann\u00e9es. Il ne reste qu&rsquo;\u00e0 donner aux d\u00e9veloppeurs les outils pour cr\u00e9er des Universal Binaries, ces applications qui contiennent le code PowerPC et le code Intel dans un m\u00eame fichier. R\u00e9sultat : les premiers Mac Intel arrivent en avance sur le calendrier (Apple), au lieu d&rsquo;une reconstruction chaotique \u00e9tal\u00e9e sur des ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette r\u00e9ussite ne tient pas au g\u00e9nie d&rsquo;un seul homme, m\u00eame si Kullmann m\u00e9rite sa place dans l&rsquo;histoire. Elle tient \u00e0 une organisation qui a laiss\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rimentation clandestine survivre, puis qui a su l&rsquo;industrialiser au bon moment. Le succ\u00e8s pass\u00e9, le poids des relations engag\u00e9es et les hypoth\u00e8ses deviennent nos plus redoutables ennemis quand l&rsquo;organisation n&rsquo;est pas pr\u00eate \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter <a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/livre\/?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">(Livre)<\/a>, Chapitre 11, le pilier organisations et structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La bonne nouvelle, c&rsquo;est que vous n&rsquo;avez pas besoin de la tr\u00e9sorerie d&rsquo;Apple pour reproduire le principe. Vous avez besoin d&rsquo;une chose plus rare : la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 psychologique qui permet \u00e0 un Kullmann de bricoler son plan B sans se faire licencier, et la lucidit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un management qui, le jour venu, dit \u00ab oui, on y va \u00bb au lieu de \u00ab on a toujours fait comme \u00e7a \u00bb (MacDailyNews).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-l-essentiel\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&rsquo;essentiel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Retenez trois choses :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Un vrai plan B est du code qui d\u00e9marre, pas une slide. Apple a compil\u00e9 Mac OS X pour Intel en secret pendant cinq ans, pr\u00eat \u00e0 basculer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;invariant reste l&rsquo;humain. Le projet est n\u00e9 de la curiosit\u00e9 tol\u00e9r\u00e9e d&rsquo;un seul ing\u00e9nieur, sur du mat\u00e9riel standard, chez lui.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;ambidextrie sauve les entreprises. D\u00e9fendre le pr\u00e9sent PowerPC et nourrir le futur Intel en m\u00eame temps a transform\u00e9 une crise thermique en transition ma\u00eetris\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous n&rsquo;avez pas \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire votre futur technologique. Vous avez \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rimenter en continu, pour \u00eatre pr\u00eat le jour o\u00f9 votre PowerPC \u00e0 vous se met \u00e0 chauffer. Innover ou agoniser, c&rsquo;est vous qui voyez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16412\" class=\"elementor elementor-16412\" data-elementor-post-type=\"rs_elements\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9a0121 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f9a0121\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf210a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-carousel\" data-id=\"cf210a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;carousel_items&quot;:[{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #2&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;6c12b1f&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #1&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;662949d&quot;},{&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #3&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;f4e8490&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e1df4a3&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #4&quot;},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e411638&quot;,&quot;slide_title&quot;:&quot;Slide #5&quot;}],&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;offset_sides&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-carousel swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"1\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 sur 5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e1b753 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e1b753\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;drops&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 283.5 27.8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMax slice\">\n\t<path 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4.3-6.2 4.5-1 7.7 1.5 7.4 5.8-.2 3.5-1.8 7.7-.5 11.1 1 2.7 3.6 2.8 5 .2 1.6-3.1 0-8.3-.4-11.6-.4-4.2-.2-7 1.8-10.8 0 0-.1.1-.1.2-.2.4-.3.7-.4.8v.1c-.1.2-.1.2 0 0v-.1l.4-.8c0-.1.1-.1.1-.2.2-.4.5-.8.8-1.2V0H0zM282.7 3.4z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a8253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95a8253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d&rsquo;entreprise, un s\u00e9minaire, une assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, un COMEX ou CODIR ?<\/p><p>Les interventions sur l&rsquo;innovation et l&rsquo;IA de Philippe sont innovantes, vous \u00eates pr\u00e9venus !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dc4d47 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5dc4d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/conferences\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Les conf\u00e9rences phares<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"2\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 sur 5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca26ec6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca26ec6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f0030 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f2f0030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/conferences\/keynote-intelligence-innovationnelle\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Conference-Intelligence-Innovationnelle\u00ae-FR-rs6j7afw2pnqdk9pzhhw4hmupczfvu0d879ew4y51e.webp?wsr\" title=\"Conf\u00e9rence Intelligence Innovationnelle\u00ae FR\" alt=\"Conf\u00e9rence Intelligence Innovationnelle\u00ae FR\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"3\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 sur 5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c64f275 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c64f275\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3061c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a3061c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/conferences\/conference-sur-lintelligence-artificielle\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Conference-Intelligence-Artificielle-FR-rs6j7afw2pnqdk9pzhhw4hmupczfvu0d879ew4y51e.webp?wsr\" title=\"Conf\u00e9rence Intelligence Artificielle FR\" alt=\"Conf\u00e9rence Intelligence Artificielle FR\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"4\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 sur 5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6da9b9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6da9b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d24ec00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d24ec00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-align: center;\">Compl\u00e9tez une intervention en conf\u00e9rence avec des ateliers innovants et percutants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Les conf\u00e9rences inspirent et sensibilisent, les ateliers transforment !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae0418d elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ae0418d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/ateliers\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">LES Ateliers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" data-slide=\"5\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 sur 5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d75635 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d75635\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f839d23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f839d23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/ateliers\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Workshops-Intelligence-Innovationnelle\u00ae-FR-rs6j7afw2pnqdk9pzhhw4hmupczfvu0d879ew4y51e.webp?wsr\" title=\"Workshops Intelligence Innovationnelle\u00ae FR\" alt=\"Workshops Intelligence Innovationnelle\u00ae FR\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(Livre) <a href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/livre\/?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/livre\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(MacRumors) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.macrumors.com\/2012\/06\/10\/a-bit-of-history-behind-the-mac-os-x-on-intel-project-marklar\/?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">https:\/\/www.macrumors.com\/2012\/06\/10\/a-bit-of-history-behind-the-mac-os-x-on-intel-project-marklar\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(Engadget) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2012-06-10-how-marklar-os-x-on-intel-owes-its-start-to-a-one-year-old-boy.html?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2012-06-10-how-marklar-os-x-on-intel-owes-its-start-to-a-one-year-old-boy.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(The Register) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/software\/2012\/06\/11\/insider-cuts-into-apple-peels-off-intel-mac-os-x-port-secrets\/1131444?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/software\/2012\/06\/11\/insider-cuts-into-apple-peels-off-intel-mac-os-x-port-secrets\/1131444<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(Macworld) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.macworld.com\/article\/175877\/liveupdate-8.html?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">https:\/\/www.macworld.com\/article\/175877\/liveupdate-8.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(512 Pixels) <a href=\"https:\/\/512pixels.net\/2024\/12\/2005-the-end-of-the-macs-powerpc-era\/?utm_source=philippeboulanger.com\">https:\/\/512pixels.net\/2024\/12\/2005-the-end-of-the-macs-powerpc-era\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pendant cinq ans, Apple a compil\u00e9 Mac OS X pour Intel en secret. Un plan B n\u00e9 de la curiosit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un seul ing\u00e9nieur, qui a sauv\u00e9 ses ordinateurs portables.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[50],"tags":[1590,224,73,69,1586,115,1587,1589,1588,378],"class_list":["post-16634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-intelligence-innovationnelle","tag-ambidextrie","tag-apple","tag-experimentation","tag-innovation","tag-intel","tag-leadership","tag-plan-b","tag-powerpc","tag-projet-marklar","tag-transformation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Innovation secr\u00e8te : la le\u00e7on Apple sur le plan B - Philippe Boulanger - Top conf\u00e9rencier international innovation IA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment le plan B secret d&#039;Apple, Mac OS X compil\u00e9 pour Intel pendant cinq ans, a sauv\u00e9 ses portables. Une le\u00e7on d&#039;ambidextrie et d&#039;exp\u00e9rimentation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/philippeboulanger.com\/fr\/innovation-secrete-la-lecon-apple-sur-le-plan-b\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Innovation secr\u00e8te : la le\u00e7on Apple sur le plan B\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comment le plan B secret d&#039;Apple, Mac OS X compil\u00e9 pour Intel pendant cinq ans, a sauv\u00e9 ses portables. 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